Deck Inspections

One Stop Deck Inspection

Your deck provides the foundation for your family’s outdoor entertainment and leisure activities, from cookouts and birthday parties to your favorite spot for Sunday morning coffee. That’s why it’s vital to ensure your deck is safe and up to current regulatory codes by performing routine inspections. With peace of mind that your deck is in solid working order, you’ll be able to get the most enjoyment from it.

On average, a professional inspection of the condition and strength of your deck’s guardrails should be scheduled every two years, and the deck surface should be cleaned at least annually to extend its lifespan and aesthetics. After all, just like your home, a deck undergoes high levels of stress throughout the year, including constant exposure to the elements, load-bearing situations and just normal wear and tear. The following deck inspection checklist is a good place to start.

Deck Safety: What to Look Out For

Your deck faces the harsh elements of the outdoors all year long. Being exposed to extreme heat and cold can take a toll on even the most well maintained decks. So, when you or a professional inspector check to see if your deck is up to spec, here are a few things to look out for regarding repairing your deck and its overall safety:

Insect Damage

Most modern-day decks are made of wood or composite that’s treated with chemicals to keep the bugs away. In some cases, including decks built before the 1980s, the wood isn’t treated with insect repellent, making it more likely for ants and termites to get into the framework and cause damage that can literally pull the deck away from the house.

You can check for this by noting whether your deck has any movement when you first step out onto it. If you notice a slight sway when you walk out, call a professional to come out for a thorough inspection and to check for insect vulnerabilities.

Rusted Fasteners, Connectors & More

One of the biggest factors in determining whether your deck is safe and sound is not outwardly visible. That’s why it’s important to look under your deck to ensure that fasteners, connectors and joists are all in good shape. That includes making sure that the nails, bolts, screws and other metal connector pieces aren’t rusted or otherwise compromised. If you detect rust, call an inspector.

Furthermore, it is highly recommended that any deck over 10 years old be inspected by a building professional with knowledge of current code. As building code evolves, new techniques and materials aimed at making sure decking projects are safe may need to be implemented.

Cracks & Rotting

It’s no surprise that after extended use, wood tends to crack. Small cracks aren’t anything to be alarmed about, as long as they don’t continue to grow. However, you do need to keep an eye on any cracks located around fasteners or between joists; these can exploit weaknesses in your deck and lead to serious problems down the line if not properly treated.

Regularly sealing and staining your deck every 2-3 years can help reduce cracking from water, cold and heat exposure. And if you do have a cracked floor board that keeps growing, replacing deck boards is your best safety option. The same tactic applies to wood deck rot. If you have a noticeable portion of boards that are rotting, you’ll want to replace those for both safety and aesthetics.

Remember, it’s your duty as a deck owner to regularly inspect your deck’s frame for safety vulnerabilities. Perform the “pick test” on deck posts to check for areas of decay or rot. If the wood slowly bends and doesn’t splinter much upon breaking, then you may have decaying wood that will need to be addressed.

Unsturdy Railing

If your railing is loose, fix it immediately. The risk for injury is simply too great for a railing repair to be put off. Railing is a critical area of the deck, and as mentioned above, it is important to ensure proper code-compliant construction techniques are employed. To ensure they remain sturdy, don’t allow anyone to sit or lean excessively on railings; after all, this is what deck furniture is for!

Mold & Mildew Exposure

Nearly every deck will develop a bit of a green tint from some mildew during its lifespan. Steps are the most susceptible to mildew growth, which can make them slippery and unsafe. Regular washing and staining will help prevent mildew growth. Mold and fungus, on the other hand, is nothing to take lightly. If you notice a fuzzy or mushroom-like growth, immediate attention is required as it could be a “tip of the iceberg” situation.

Deck Framing Inspection

Framing inspections are usually only required for decks that are built low to the ground to make it possible for inspectors to do their job without crawling under the structure. In these cases you will need to call for an inspection before the decking is installed so the framing is visible from above the deck. They will be verifying that you are building precisely what your plans indicated. Are you using the same size and type of wood as you specified? Is the joist spacing correct?

Inspectors will also be looking closely at the specific connections as they are assembled across the frame. They will want to see that you are using the proper joist hangers and they are not missing any fasteners. They will also be interested in seeing how well your beams are connected to your support posts.

Inspectors will be checking your framing to make sure it is consistent with your plans. They will be checking joist and beam spacing and all hardware connections.

When all your work is completed, you will also need to pass a final inspection before the permit can be closed. If you fail an inspection, you should be given a correction notice for what needs to be fixed before you can pass the inspection.

The Railings

Deck railing is as much as safety issue as a style statement. In fact, more injuries result from rail failure than complete deck collapse, reports the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI).
Push on your railing to ensure it doesn’t “give” in any way.
Ensure your rail complies with local building codes. That means a rail height of 36”, as per the International Residential Code (IRC). However, 42” rail heights may be required in some states, as well as for commercial applications, as per the International Building Code (IBC).
Measure the spacing between balusters. To prevent small children and pets from squeezing through, the distance between each baluster cannot exceed 4” for line sections and 4-3/8” for stairs. What’s more, the “triangle” created by the stair tread, riser, and guardrail cannot be large enough to allow a 6” sphere to pass through.

Stairs & Steps

Wood stairs and steps are vulnerable and dangerous areas if not properly installed and maintained.
Stairs and steps are typically made up of treads, the part you step on and stringers that support the treads.
Steps are 3 treads or less and stairs are 4 treads or more
Check for spits, breakage, and rot to the stingers
Look out for loose, bowed, and cracked treads
Check all the fasteners and brackets for rot, rust or deterioration
Examine where the stringer attaches to the deck and assure it has not pulled loose and is properly secured

Decking

Decking: the boards, either wood or manufactured material, that lays flat on the surface of the deck in which you walk on
For synthetic/manufactured material, check for bows/sags to the boards where the floor joist span too far
Check to assure they are properly fastened
For wood, check for nails popping up where people can injure their feet
Check for wood lifting, splitting, and rotting (replace as needed)

Deck Footing Inspection

Contractors can save a lot of time on a project by coordinating prompt footing inspections following excavations. Be sure to schedule the footing inspections before you start mixing and pouring the concrete foundations. Never pour concrete until after your footings have passed inspection.

In order to pass the footing inspection, you will need to have an inspector measure to verify that the base sizes and depths of the holes meet the specifications of the approved plans. The holes must also be free of loose dirt and water. If there is water in the holes, you may try to pump the water out or allow them to dry out over a couple of days. If you are not going to be able to attend the inspection, you will need to post the inspection card and approved plans in an accessible place for the inspector to sign. Once you have sign-off, on you can finish building your footings.

It’s important to note that you’ll want to continue to inspect your footings on a regular basis. As a primary part of your deck’s foundation, your footings secure and support your deck. In cases where footings are compromised, it’s most likely that they weren’t large enough to support the deck in the first place. If you notice the concrete pour around your footings beginning to crack or pull up from the ground, then you should have a professional come out to perform a full inspection.